The White Cloud Mountain Minnow (Tanichthys albonubes) is a small freshwater fish that belongs to the family Cyprinidae. This species is highly popular among aquarium enthusiasts due to its vibrant colors, hardiness, and ease of care.
White Cloud Mountain Minnow is a delightful and low-maintenance fish species that brings vibrant colors and lively activity to any aquarium. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced hobbyist, these fish can be a great addition to your aquatic community.
| Common name(s) | Canton Minnow, Canton danio, Chinese danio, white cloud, mountain fish |
| Binomial name | Tanichthys albonubes |
| Care Level | Easy |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Size range – lenght | 1.5 inches |
| Water parameters | Temp 64–72°F (18–22°C) pH 6.0–8.0 Hardness 5-20 dGH |
| Tank level | Middle |
| Diet | Omnivore |
| Lifespan | 5 – 7 years |
| Breeding | Easy |
| Tank mates | Rosy Barbs, Cherry Barbs, Gold Barbs, Dojo Loaches, Horseface Loaches, Neon Tetras, Ember Tetras, Glowlight Tetras, Zebra Danios, Leopard Danios, Harlequin Rasboras, Chili Rasboras, Small Corydoras Catfish, small species of shrimp |
Origin
The White Cloud Mountain Minnow is native to the White Cloud Mountain area in Guangdong province, southern China. This region is characterized by its picturesque landscape of lush greenery, mountainous terrain, and numerous streams and ponds. The minnows were first discovered in the early 1930s in China
The introduction of the White Cloud Mountain Minnow to different parts of the world has allowed more people to appreciate its beauty and enjoy its presence in their aquariums. Its adaptability to a wide range of water conditions and ease of care have contributed to its popularity as a beginner-friendly fish species.
Despite its widespread distribution in captivity, the White Cloud Mountain Minnow remains closely associated with its natural habitat in the White Cloud Mountain region of China. Efforts have been made to conserve its wild populations, as the destruction of its native habitat due to urbanization and pollution poses a threat to its survival in the wild.
Size
White Cloud Mountain Minnows are small-sized freshwater fish. On average, they reach a maximum length of around 1.5 inches (4 centimeters) when fully grown. However, there can be slight variations in size depending on factors such as genetics, diet, and environmental conditions.
Availability
White Cloud Mountain Minnows (Tanichthys albonubes) are widely available in the aquarium trade. Due to their popularity and ease of breeding, they can be found in many pet stores, online retailers, and through hobbyist breeders. They have become a staple in the aquarium hobby and are often readily accessible for purchase.
The price of White Cloud Mountain Minnows can vary depending on several factors such as location, supplier, and the size and quality of the fish. On average, a single White Cloud Mountain Minnow can range from $1 to $3.
It is reasonable to expect to pay around $6 to $10 for a school of 5 White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Appearance and Sex Differences
The White Cloud Mountain Minnow is a small freshwater fish with a distinct and appealing appearance. They have a slender, torpedo-shaped body. They typically reach a maximum length of around 1.5 inches (4 centimeters) when fully grown.
These fish display vibrant colors that make them visually striking. They have a metallic gold or silver body coloration, often accompanied by bright red fins. The contrast between the metallic body and the vivid fins creates an eye-catching effect.
One notable feature of White Cloud Mountain Minnows is a prominent black lateral line that runs horizontally along their sides. This line starts from the gill cover and extends towards the tail. It adds further visual appeal to their overall appearance.
There are observable differences between male and female White Cloud Mountain Minnows:
– Size: In general, females tend to be slightly larger and plumper than males, especially when carrying eggs.
– Fin Shape: Males often exhibit more elongated and pointed dorsal and anal fins compared to females. This difference in fin shape can be more pronounced during breeding displays when males may display their fins to attract females.
– Coloration Intensity: During breeding, male White Cloud Mountain Minnows may display more vibrant colors and enhanced red pigmentation on their fins. This intensification of coloration is a visual cue to attract females.
– Belly Shape: Females typically have a rounder belly, especially when they are gravid (carrying eggs). This can give them a slightly more rounded appearance compared to males.
It’s worth noting that while these sex differences are generally observable, they may not be as prominent in young or immature fish. The most distinct sex characteristics tend to become more pronounced as the fish reach sexual maturity.
Behavior
White Cloud Mountain Minnows are schooling fish, which means they prefer to swim and live in groups. Keeping them in groups of at least six individuals is recommended to promote their well-being and reduce stress. When housed together, they form tight-knit schools and swim together in synchronized movements. Schooling provides them with a sense of security and allows them to exhibit natural social behaviors.
These fish are energetic and active swimmers, constantly exploring their environment. They dart and zip through the water, utilizing their streamlined bodies to navigate swiftly. Their lively swimming patterns make them captivating to watch and can create a dynamic atmosphere in the aquarium.
They have a tendency to swim closer to the surface of the water rather than the bottom. They are known to jump occasionally, so it’s important to have a well-fitted lid on the aquarium to prevent them from escaping. Providing open swimming areas and ample surface space in the tank allows them to exhibit their natural behaviors comfortably.
It’s important to note that the behavior of White Cloud Mountain Minnows can vary slightly depending on factors such as tank size, water parameters, and the presence of suitable tank mates. Creating a well-balanced and stimulating environment with appropriate hiding places, plants, and open swimming areas can enhance their natural behavior and well-being.
Care
The care of White Cloud Mountain Minnows is generally considered easy. Their hardiness and adaptability to various water conditions make them well-suited for beginners in the aquarium hobby.
White Cloud Mountain Minnows are known for their resilience and ability to tolerate a range of water parameters. This makes it relatively easy to maintain their tank environment.
They can thrive in tanks as small as 10 gallons, making them suitable for smaller setups. However, providing a larger tank with more swimming space is always beneficial.
They can tolerate a moderate range of pH and water hardness levels, making it easier to maintain stable water conditions. Regular water changes and proper filtration contribute to their overall well-being.
They have a peaceful temperament and generally coexist well with other small, non-aggressive fish species. This ease of compatibility simplifies the process of selecting suitable tank mates.
Tank Requirements
White Cloud Mountain Minnows have specific tank requirements to ensure their well-being and provide an optimal environment for their natural behavior. Here are the key considerations for their tank setup:
1. Tank Size: White Cloud Mountain Minnows can be kept in tanks as small as 10 gallons (37 liters), but providing a larger tank is beneficial, especially if you plan to keep a school of these fish. A tank with a capacity of 20 gallons (75 liters) or more allows for more swimming space and promotes their natural schooling behavior.
2. Water Parameters:
– Temperature: White Cloud Mountain Minnows prefer a temperature range of 64 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 22 degrees Celsius). They can tolerate slight fluctuations but avoid extreme temperature swings.
– pH Level: These minnows prefer slightly alkaline to neutral water conditions. The recommended pH range is between 6.0 and 8.0.
– Water Hardness: They can tolerate a moderate level of water hardness. Aim for a general hardness (GH) level between 5 and 20 dGH.
3. Filtration and Water Circulation: A reliable filtration system is essential for maintaining good water quality. The filtration should provide mechanical, biological, and chemical filtration to remove waste, toxins, and maintain water clarity. Additionally, adequate water circulation helps oxygenate the water and prevents stagnant areas.
4. Substrate: A fine-grained substrate such as sand or small-sized gravel is suitable for White Cloud Mountain Minnows. They sift through the substrate in search of food, so avoid using sharp or coarse materials that could injure their delicate mouths.
5. Plants and Decorations: Adding live or artificial plants to the aquarium offers several benefits. Plants provide shelter, hiding places, and areas for spawning. Floating plants, such as Water Sprite or Duckweed, can help diffuse the light and create shaded areas. Driftwood, rocks, and caves can also be incorporated to provide additional hiding spots and create a more natural environment.
6 Lighting: White Cloud Mountain Minnows do not have specific lighting requirements. A basic aquarium light that replicates natural daylight is sufficient. Avoid excessive or intense lighting, as it may cause stress or encourage the growth of unwanted algae.
7. Lid or Cover: White Cloud Mountain Minnows have a tendency to jump occasionally, so it’s crucial to have a well-fitted lid or cover on the tank to prevent them from escaping.
Regular monitoring of water parameters, performing routine water changes, and maintaining the tank environment will help ensure the health and well-being of your White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Diseases
White Cloud Mountain Minnows (Tanichthys albonubes) are generally hardy and less prone to diseases compared to some other fish species. However, like all fish, they can still be susceptible to certain health issues.
Ich
Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis): Ich is a parasitic disease that causes small white spots resembling grains of salt on the fish’s body, fins, and gills. Affected fish may display signs of irritation, scratching against objects, and respiratory distress. Ich can be treated using appropriate medications and by raising the tank temperature slowly to speed up the life cycle of the parasite.
Fin rot
Fin Rot (Aeromonas, Pseudomonas): Fin rot is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the fins and can lead to deterioration and fraying of the fin tissue. It can be caused by poor water quality, stress, or injuries. Improving water conditions, maintaining good tank hygiene, and using antibacterial treatments can help treat and prevent fin rot.
Velvet disease
Velvet Disease (Oodinium): Velvet disease is caused by a parasitic protozoan that appears as a golden or rusty dust-like coating on the fish’s body, giving it a velvet-like appearance. Affected fish may exhibit lethargy, loss of appetite, and rapid breathing. Medications specifically designed to treat velvet disease can be used to eliminate the parasite.
Streptococcal infection
Streptococcal infections can indeed affect White Cloud Mountain Minnows, as they are susceptible to bacterial diseases caused by Streptococcus species. Streptococcal infections are a type of bacterial infection that can have various manifestations and affect different parts of the fish’s body.
Tank Mates
White Cloud Mountain Minnows are native to the Pearl River in China, which is known for its high biodiversity. In their natural habitat, you can find them coexisting with several other fish species, including: Gold Barbs, Weather Loaches, Paradise Fish.
They can indeed be kept with Rosy Barbs, Cherry Barbs, Gold Barbs, as well as Dojo Loaches and Horseface Loaches. These fish species share similar water parameters and peaceful temperaments, making them compatible tank mates for White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Species like Neon Tetras, Ember Tetras, or Glowlight Tetras are compatible tank mates.
Zebra Danios and Leopard Danios are active and peaceful fish that can coexist harmoniously with White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Harlequin Rasboras and Chili Rasboras are small, peaceful fish that thrive in similar water conditions as White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Small Corydoras Catfish like Pygmy Corydoras or Dwarf Corydoras can be compatible tank mates. These bottom-dwelling catfish species are peaceful and won’t compete for space or food with the minnows.
If you prefer invertebrates, small species of shrimp like Cherry Shrimp or Amano Shrimp can coexist peacefully with White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
It’s generally advisable to avoid pairing White Cloud Mountain Minnows with certain barb species that have a reputation for nipping or fin-biting behaviors, such as Tiger Barbs.
In terms of the more aggressive loach species, like Clown Loaches, it’s best to avoid keeping them with White Cloud Mountain Minnows due to potential compatibility issues.
As for Cichlids, it’s generally recommended to avoid housing them with White Cloud Mountain Minnows. Cichlids, particularly larger and more territorial species, can have pushy personalities and may not coexist peacefully with the peaceful nature of White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Diet
The diet of White Cloud Mountain Minnows (Tanichthys albonubes) primarily consists of small-sized foods that are appropriate for their small mouths. These fish are omnivorous, meaning they can consume both plant matter and small aquatic organisms. Here are some key aspects of their diet:
Flake and Pellet Foods: High-quality flake and pellet foods designed for small tropical fish are a suitable staple for White Cloud Mountain Minnows. Look for options that provide a balanced diet and contain a mix of proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Live and Frozen Foods: White Cloud Mountain Minnows greatly enjoy live and frozen foods, which provide additional nutrients and mimic their natural feeding behavior. Offer them small live or frozen foods such as daphnia, brine shrimp, bloodworms, or mosquito larvae. These can be given as occasional treats to supplement their diet.
Algae and Vegetation: In the aquarium, these fish will nibble on algae and small bits of plant matter. Having some live plants in the tank can provide them with additional grazing opportunities and simulate their natural feeding habits.
White Cloud Mountain Minnows generally do not eat or damage live plants in the aquarium. They are not known to be voracious plant eaters and are more focused on consuming small aquatic organisms and algae.
To supplement their diet and ensure they receive a well-rounded nutrition, it’s important to provide them with a balanced mix of crushed flake or pellet foods that are high in protein and vegetable content. This will help fulfill their dietary needs for both animal and plant matter.
In tanks with limited algae growth, alginate tablets or algae wafers can be added to their diet to ensure they receive sufficient greens. These specialized food items are formulated with algae and plant-based ingredients, providing an additional source of vegetable matter.
Remember to feed them in small portions that they can consume within a few minutes to avoid overfeeding and water quality issues. Observe their feeding behavior to ensure all fish in the tank have access to food, as more dominant or aggressive tank mates may outcompete them during feeding time.
Breeding
Breeding White Cloud Mountain Minnows can be a rewarding experience for aquarium enthusiasts. They are relatively easy to breed and exhibit interesting reproductive behaviors. Here’s an overview of the breeding process:
Tank Setup: Create a separate breeding tank or provide suitable breeding conditions within the main tank. Use a tank with a capacity of at least 10 gallons (38 liters) to allow for ample swimming space. The water temperature should be maintained between 68-72°F (20-22°C), and the pH level should be slightly acidic to neutral, around 6.5-7.5.
Conditioning the Breeding Pair: Select a healthy male and female pair of White Cloud Mountain Minnows and provide them with a nutritious diet consisting of high-quality flake foods, live or frozen foods, and occasional treats. Conditioning the fish with a varied and protein-rich diet helps promote reproductive readiness.
Spawning Behavior: White Cloud Mountain Minnows are egg-scattering fish, meaning they scatter their eggs rather than laying them in a nest. During spawning, the male will actively chase and display courtship behaviors towards the female, including fin flaring and displaying vibrant colors. The female will respond by leading the male to the desired spawning site.
Spawning Site: Provide suitable spawning sites in the form of fine-leaved plants, such as Java moss or spawning mops. These plants will serve as a substrate for the fish to scatter their eggs. Alternatively, you can include a mesh or spawning grid in the tank for the eggs to fall through, providing protection from adult fish.
Egg Deposition and Incubation: Once the female releases her eggs, they will adhere to the spawning substrate or fall through the mesh/grid. After spawning, remove the adult fish from the breeding tank to prevent them from consuming the eggs. The eggs will hatch within 48-72 hours, depending on the water temperature.
Fry Care: Once the eggs hatch, the fry will initially feed on their yolk sacs. After absorbing the yolk sacs, they can be fed infusoria, powdered commercial fry food, or newly hatched brine shrimp. As they grow, gradually introduce larger food options. Maintain excellent water quality and provide appropriate hiding spots and gentle filtration to protect the fry.
Growth and Development: The fry will grow rapidly, and within a few months, they will reach maturity. Keep an eye on water parameters, perform regular water changes, and monitor the overall health of the fry.
It’s important to note that White Cloud Mountain Minnows may consume their own eggs or fry, so it’s advisable to separate the parents from the offspring after spawning. Patience and observation are key when breeding these fish, as successful reproduction may require several spawning attempts.
In conclusion
The care of White Cloud Mountain Minnows is considered easy, provided that they are housed in appropriate tank conditions and provided with a balanced diet. With proper care and attention, these fish will thrive, exhibiting their vibrant colors and playful behavior, bringing beauty and joy to any aquarium.
If you have any thoughts or experiences regarding keeping White Cloud Mountain Minnows in a nano tank, please share them in the comments section below. Your insights and feedback are greatly appreciated and can contribute to the discussion.
