The best thing you can do for your aquarium is to add live plants to it. Not only do they add a natural and aesthetically pleasing touch to your tank, but they also offer numerous benefits for the overall health and well-being of your fish.
One of the key benefits of live plants is that they help to maintain water quality by consuming excess nutrients from fish waste.
This means that your aquarium will be healthier and cleaner, with less algae growth and fewer harmful chemicals in the water.
Live plants also provide cover and hiding spots for fish, which can help to reduce stress and increase their overall sense of security.
This is particularly important for shy or territorial fish species that need places to retreat and feel safe.
Creating a planted tank can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it can also be overwhelming for beginners due to the vast array of options available.
When starting a planted tank from scratch, there are several factors to consider, such as the tank size, lighting, substrate, and types of plants and fish that will thrive in your specific tank setup.
To get started, it’s essential to research the different types of plants that are suitable for your tank and the specific needs they have.
Here’s the basics for creating a planted tank from scratch.
How to Make a Planted Tank
Planning and conducting thorough research are crucial when setting up a planted tank. Taking these steps can help ensure that the tank’s ecosystem is well-balanced and that the plants and fish can thrive. To help with the planning of a planted tank, consider these factors:
- Tank size
- Maintenance Level
- Budget
- Type of Plants
- Type of Livestock
- CO2 System
- Lighting
- Substrate
- Composition
- Filtration
Tank size
One of the first things to consider when planning a planted tank is the size of the tank.
The size of the tank is an essential factor that affects the stability of the aquarium’s ecosystem and the types of plants and fish that can be kept in it.
When deciding on the tank size, it’s essential to consider the available space and budget.
It’s best to get the largest tank possible that you can comfortably accommodate in your home or office and that fits within your budget.
Larger tanks provide more water volume, which leads to greater stability in the aquarium’s parameters.
When selecting the tank’s dimensions, consider the type of plants and the level of lighting you plan to use. Longer, more shallow tanks are better suited for low-tech setups, while deeper tanks are better for high light-demanding plants like parrots feather or scarlet temple.
However, keep in mind that larger tanks also mean more weight and require a sturdy stand or support system.
The tank’s location is also crucial, as it must be placed on a level and stable surface that can support the weight of the aquarium when it’s full of water and gravel.
When considering the tank’s placement, it’s important to have enough space above the aquarium to make it easy to access the tank for feeding and maintenance.
A good rule of thumb is to have enough space for a step stool or ladder if necessary.
Tip
Why choose a larger tank? A larger aquarium provides a higher volume of water, making it less vulnerable to fluctuations and changes compared to a smaller aquarium.
The more stable the conditions in the tank, the easier it is for you to maintain them.
Maintenance Level
One of the most critical considerations when planning a planted tank is the amount of time and effort you are willing to invest in maintaining it.
Depending on the type of setup, the maintenance requirements can range from minimal to quite intensive.
To illustrate further, a low-tech planted tank requires minimal maintenance and is an excellent option for individuals who have little time to spare or are new to planted tanks. Generally, this setup would only require weekly water changes and small amounts of fertilizers.
In contrast, a high-tech planted tank is much more demanding and requires a lot of effort and attention to maintain. This setup involves frequent dosing of fertilizers, sometimes up to four times a week, to ensure that the plants have the nutrients they need.
Additionally, it requires constant monitoring of the CO2 system to ensure that the plants have enough carbon dioxide to photosynthesize efficiently.
The plants also need to be regularly trimmed (sometimes several times a month), on top of the weekly water changes, to keep them from overgrowing and overtaking the tank.
It’s essential to be realistic about the amount of time and effort you can commit to your planted tank, as neglecting maintenance tasks can lead to an imbalance in the tank’s ecosystem and affect the health of the plants and fish.
Remember that taking care of a planted tank requires dedication and patience, but the rewards of a thriving underwater garden are well worth it.
It’s also worth noting that not everyone is prepared to spend significant amounts of time and effort on their tank, and that’s perfectly fine.
There’s no shame in starting small or choosing a low-maintenance setup if that’s what works for you.
The most important thing is to find a balance that works for your lifestyle and to enjoy the process of creating a beautiful and healthy planted tank.
Budget
Designing a planted aquarium can be an exciting endeavor, but it is essential to consider your budget carefully.
No two budgets are the same, and it’s important to remember that high-maintenance, delicate, or rare freshwater plants can cost significantly more than hardier varieties.
The same goes for equipment – high-tech items such as powerful lights and pressurized CO2 can be much more expensive than their simpler counterparts.
When considering the cost of designing a planted tank, it’s essential to factor in the long-term expenses as well.
While you may be able to afford the initial investment in high-tech equipment, the ongoing costs of maintenance, replacement parts, and specialized supplies can quickly add up.
Being realistic about what you can afford and what you are willing to spend your time on is crucial.
If you’re on a budget, don’t be discouraged. You can still create a stunning planted tank by making wise choices about what you invest in.
Consider starting with a smaller tank, such as a 20 or 30-gallon aquarium, to reduce the overall cost.
Additionally, choosing hardier, low-maintenance plants and simpler equipment can help you save money in the long run.
Remember that designing a planted tank is a long-term commitment, and you want to ensure that you can continue to provide for your aquarium’s needs over time.
Type of Plants
Freshwater plants come in different types, each with its unique care requirements.
Some plants are considered hardy and can thrive with minimal equipment and basic lighting.
These plants are ideal for beginner aquarists or those who prefer low-maintenance tanks.
On the other hand, certain aquatic plants can be more demanding and require powerful lights, constant CO2 supplementation, and a powerhead to create sufficient water flow.
Before adding any plants to your aquarium, it’s important to research their care needs thoroughly.
The basic information sheet provided by most reputable plant sellers can help you determine if your tank is suitable.
Factors such as water temperature, pH levels, and substrate type can impact a plant’s ability to grow and flourish in your tank.
When choosing plants for your aquarium, consider not only their care requirements but also their aesthetic appeal and compatibility with other aquatic life.
Type of Livestock
Absolutely, research is essential when it comes to keeping a healthy and thriving aquarium.
The type of livestock you keep in your tank will indeed have an impact on the type of plants you can keep, as well as the water parameters required for the plants and fish to flourish.
For example, some fish species may prefer a heavily planted environment with lots of hiding places, while others may prefer a more open and spacious tank with few or no plants.
Some fish species may also require a specific type of substrate or lighting, which may not be suitable for certain plant species.
For smaller nano fish and shrimp, you have a lot of freedom in terms of plant selection.
However, if you opt for large cichlids, you’ll need to stick with tough plants that can be anchored to driftwood or rocks.
Even then, you might have trouble finding a plant that can withstand the appetite of a particularly feisty fish.
Temperature is important factor to keep in mind. Like fish, plants have specific temperature requirements, so it’s important to choose species that can thrive in the same environment as your fish.
When it comes to selecting plants to accompany heat-loving fish like Discus, it’s important to choose plants that can tolerate the higher temperatures without suffering damage or wilting.
Therefore, it’s crucial to select plants and livestock that are compatible with each other and their specific environmental requirements.
This will not only ensure the health and well-being of your aquatic pets but also create a beautiful and harmonious aquarium environment.
Ultimately, research is key to success in aquarium keeping. Make sure to do your homework and choose plants and fish that are compatible and will thrive together.
CO2 System
Adding CO2 to your aquarium can indeed lead to rapid plant growth and vibrant, lush foliage.
However, it’s important to note that injecting CO2 into your tank water comes with its own set of challenges and considerations.One of the most critical factors to keep in mind when using CO2 is monitoring and maintaining the optimal levels.
Too much CO2 can be harmful to fish and other aquatic animals, while too little may not provide the benefits you’re looking for in terms of plant growth.
You’ll need to invest in a high-quality CO2 regulator and monitor the levels regularly to ensure that they remain within the appropriate range.
If you’re new to aquarium keeping or prefer a low-maintenance setup, it may be best to stick with hardy plants that don’t require CO2.
There are many plant species available that can thrive in a range of conditions, making them a great option for beginner aquarists or those who prefer a simpler setup.
Ultimately, the decision to use CO2 in your aquarium is a personal one that depends on your individual goals and preferences.
Lighting
When it comes to growing live plants in your aquarium, lighting is a crucial component. Without adequate lighting, your plants will struggle to photosynthesize and grow, resulting in poor health and a lackluster appearance.
However, this doesn’t mean that you need the most advanced, high-tech lighting system available.
In fact, if you’re looking for a low-maintenance or low-tech setup, there are plenty of lighting options that can still support healthy plant growth without breaking the bank.
Aquarium lighting is an important consideration when it comes to selecting and maintaining live plants.
Low lighting
For low maintenance, low lighting is the way to go. A PAR range of 20-30 μmol·s-1 is suitable for hardy, slow-growing plants such as Anubias, Java fern, Brazilian pennywort, African water fern, and some cryptocorynes.
With low lighting, algae growth is kept low, making it easy to control.
Medium lighting
Medium lighting, with a PAR range of 50-60 μmol·s-1, is good for medium growth rate plants such as Amazon swords, frogbit, dwarf water lettuce, micro swords, most cryptocorynes, Java moss, and flame moss.
Without proper aquarium maintenance, algae blooms can be a problem. Weekly water changes, fertilizing, and occasional plant trimming are necessary. It’s best to put your lights on a timer for better control.
High lighting
For fast-growing and delicate plants, high lighting is required, with a PAR range of >90 μmol·s-1. This type of lighting produces much more vibrant colors for red plants and allows for dense growth.
However, high lighting can also cause algae to explode, so algae control is critical. Plants that thrive under high lighting include dwarf baby tears, Parrot’s-feather, jungle val, Monte carlo, Rotala wallichii, Rotala macrandra, and scarlet temple.
Maintaining a high lighting setup is hard work and requires a commitment to frequent water changes, fertilization, added CO2, algae control, and trimming. Only experienced aquarists should attempt a high lighting setup.
Substrate
Selecting the appropriate substrate is a crucial step in creating a healthy and thriving aquatic environment.
The substrate serves as the foundation for the aquarium, providing a home for beneficial bacteria, anchoring aquatic plants, and creating a natural aesthetic.
Choosing the right substrate can have a significant impact on water parameters, as it influences the pH, hardness, and nutrient content of the water.
A substrate that is too fine or too coarse can negatively affect water clarity and flow, while a substrate that is too alkaline or acidic can harm fish and plants.
It is possible to change out the substrate after setting up the aquarium, but it can be a time-consuming and challenging process, often disrupting the delicate balance of the aquarium’s ecosystem. Therefore, it’s much better to choose the right substrate from the beginning.
The type of substrate that is best for an aquarium depends on the specific needs of the fish and plants living in it.
Gravel
Gravel is a favored substrate choice for freshwater aquariums due to its small, smooth, and inert rock composition, which does not affect water chemistry.
Although it does not initially offer substantial nutritional value, it gradually accumulates small quantities of fish waste that can serve as a natural source of nourishment for aquarium plants.
However, gravel may not be the best option for plants with high root feeding requirements unless fertilizers are added to the water column.
One advantage of using gravel as a substrate is its simplicity in cleaning. During water changes, one can quickly remove debris by using a gravel vacuum, and by pressing deeply into open gravel areas, one can eliminate any trapped waste.
This makes gravel a low-maintenance choice and a suitable option for a low-tech aquarium setup.
All in all, gravel is a versatile substrate that can accommodate various aquarium configurations and is a cost-effective option for beginners.
Baked clay substrate
Baked clay substrate is an alternative option to the traditional gravel substrate in aquariums. This substrate is created by compressing clay at high temperatures, forming irregular hard gravel pieces, resembling non-clumping kitty litter.
It is an ideal choice for both high and low tech aquarium setups as it continuously absorbs nutrients from the water column, creating a long-term solution for aquarium maintenance.
The substrate’s rough surface, however, may cause harm to certain delicate fish species, such as loaches or corydoras catfish.
When installing baked clay substrate, it is essential to be cautious as rinsing the gravel is impossible without it disintegrating and producing more dust.
To prevent a dusty aquarium, divide the bag into thirds, rinse each part multiple times, and place it in the tank.
During the filling process, ensure that the water flow does not disturb the substrate, which may lead to large dust clouds and muddy aquariums. Gradually increasing the water flow is advisable, keeping it gentle throughout the process.
Sand
Aquarium sand is a popular choice for many aquarium enthusiasts because of its natural look, creating a beach-like environment in the tank. It is an inert substrate, meaning it does not alter the water chemistry, making it a safe option for all types of fish.
However, it lacks the essential nutrients needed for plants to thrive, but it can help trap fish waste, which can later be broken down and used as a source of nutrients.
Compared to gravel and baked clay substrates, it is more challenging to clean, making it a better option for low tech setups.
Additionally, sand can be used to cover other substrates, such as aquarium soil, to create a visually appealing surface while still providing necessary nutrients for plants to grow.
Tip
Calcium and carbonate may be released into the water column from aragonite sand.
Aquarium soil
Aquarium soil, like terrestrial potting soil, is compressed into a form that keeps it from breaking down into mud in the tank.
However, it needs to be replaced every few years when it runs out of nutrients, which requires breaking down the entire tank and replacing the substrate.
This makes it a poor choice for beginners, but a great option for high tech setups with heavy root-feeding plants.
When first installed, most aquarium soils will drastically alter the water chemistry, leading to a drop in pH and a substantial ammonia spike that can be harmful to livestock.
Therefore, it’s important to wait until the substrate has leached out its ammonia before adding any fish or invertebrates.
Despite the challenges of installation, aquarium soil is rich in organics and produces phenomenal growth for root-feeding plants.
Additionally, its soft texture is similar to the natural environment of many bottom feeding fish, and it looks natural in the tank. The best way to install aquarium soil is to lay it down and gradually seep water into the tank.
Composition
Consider how you will arrange the decorations in your aquarium to create a unique and visually appealing environment for your fish.
Your options are limitless, and it all comes down to your imagination. When it comes to fishkeeping, there are various types of biotopes to consider, each with its own distinct animals and microorganisms that are typical of that specific environment.
By researching and carefully selecting the appropriate decorations and accessories, you can create a beautiful and natural-looking habitat for your aquatic pets that closely resembles their natural environment.
More about composition you can read here.
With so many options and combinations available for aquarium decoration, it can be overwhelming to make a decision. However, there are some practical considerations that can be taken into account.
Driftwood is a popular decoration choice for aquariums, but it’s important to note that it can release tannins into the water, which can lower the pH and tint the water.
To minimize these effects, it’s recommended to boil or soak the driftwood before adding it to the tank.
Additionally, adding activated carbon to your filter can help remove any remaining tannins from the water.
When adding rocks to your aquarium, it’s important to consider their composition to ensure they don’t negatively impact your water parameters.
If you have hard water already, it’s best to stick with inert rocks to avoid leaching further minerals into the water column.
Before adding any rocks to your aquarium, it’s crucial to sanitize them thoroughly to prevent the introduction of harmful bacteria or parasites. Boiling or baking rocks is not a safe method of sanitizing them.
Instead, you can sanitize them by soaking them in a solution of water and bleach (1 part bleach to 19 parts water) for 24 hours, then rinsing them thoroughly with clean water and letting them dry completely before adding them to the aquarium. It’s important to wear gloves and work in a well-ventilated area when using bleach.
To test if a rock contains calcium, which can contribute to water hardness, you can use an aquarium nitrate test kit.
Place a few drops of the liquid from bottle, which contains hydrochloric acid, onto the rock.
If it fizzes, the rock contains calcium and should be avoided if you’re trying to maintain softer water. If there’s no reaction, the rock is inert and safe to use in your aquarium.
Before committing to a final layout, it’s important to test out different combinations and placements of hardscape in your aquarium.
This allows you to visualize how the pieces will look together and make adjustments before filling the tank with water.
You can also take pictures of each arrangement to compare and help you make a final decision.
It’s better to spend extra time experimenting beforehand rather than having to make major changes once the tank is set up.
It’s important to ensure the safety of your aquatic pets by carefully inspecting the hardscape before adding it to your tank.
Sharp edges can easily cut your fish’s fins or injure other delicate organisms in your aquarium.
Therefore, you should run your hands over the edges of rocks and decor to feel for any sharp points or rough spots.
If you do find any sharp edges, you can try filing or sanding them down to create a smoother surface.
However, if you cannot easily smooth out the sharp edges, it may be best to choose a different piece of hardscape to avoid any potential harm to your aquatic pets.
Filtration
Proper filtration is essential for maintaining a healthy and thriving planted aquarium.
Effective filtration promotes oxygenation, encourages the growth of beneficial bacteria, and removes debris and harmful toxins from the water.
A well-maintained filter system can help prevent the buildup of harmful substances and keep your aquatic pets healthy.
There are several types of filters available for aquariums, including hang-on-back filters, canister filters, internal filters, and sponge filters.
Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice will depend on the size of your tank, the types of aquatic plants and animals you have, and your personal preferences.
Hang-on-back filters are easy to install and maintain and are suitable for small to medium-sized aquariums.
Canister filters, on the other hand, are more powerful and are a good option for larger tanks or those with high stocking levels.
Internal filters are ideal for smaller tanks, while sponge filters are great for breeding tanks or aquariums with delicate shrimp and other invertebrates.
No matter what type of filter you choose, it’s essential to keep it clean and maintain it regularly to ensure that it’s functioning properly. A clogged or dirty filter can lead to poor water quality, which can harm your aquatic pets and plants.
Actually, water circulation plays a vital role in plant growth and health. It helps to distribute nutrients, CO2, and oxygen to all parts of the tank, including the roots of the plants. Without proper water circulation, the plants may struggle to thrive and may even die.
When choosing a filter for your planted aquarium, it’s important to consider the flow rate and direction.
Some plants prefer gentle water flow, while others require stronger currents. Additionally, the filter media should be suitable for planted tanks and not trap important nutrients or beneficial bacteria.
Therefore, it’s recommended to choose a filter that provides adequate water circulation and suits the needs of your plants, fish, and other aquatic life in the tank.
Starting Your Planted Tank Build
Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started with building your planted tank:
- Prepare the tank: Begin by cleaning the tank thoroughly to remove any debris, dust, or other particles that may have accumulated. Rinse the tank with water and wipe it down with a clean cloth to ensure that it’s spotless. Also, make sure that the tank is level on the stand or surface where it will sit.
- Add the substrate: Add the substrate to the bottom of the tank, making sure that it’s evenly distributed. You can use a variety of substrates, such as sand, gravel, or aquarium soil, depending on your preference and the type of plants you plan to grow. Be sure to add enough substrate to cover the bottom of the tank to a depth of at least 2 inches.
- Install hardscape: Next, add your hardscape, such as rocks, driftwood, or other decor items, to the tank. Arrange them in a way that creates a natural-looking environment for your plants and fish. If you’re using large rocks I recommend to construct your hardscape before adding the substrate. Placing large rocks directly on top of the substrate can cause shifting and potential instability. Begin by placing the heaviest pieces at the bottom of the tank, and then fill in the surrounding areas with substrate. If you have a lot of heavy rocks, you may want to consider placing a sheet of plastic egg crate on the bottom of the tank before stacking the rocks to distribute weight evenly and prevent potential damage to the tank.
- Partially fill: When filling your tank with water, start by adding enough water so that the water line is several inches above the substrate. It’s essential to take this part slowly to avoid stirring up debris from the substrate, especially if you used baked clay or aquarium soil. Additionally, having a low water line will give you ample space to work and make adjustments to your hardscape and plants without getting your arms soaked.
- Add plants: Start adding your plants to the tank, beginning with the largest ones first. Be sure to leave enough space between plants to allow them to grow and spread out over time. Also, consider adding different types of plants with varying heights and textures to create visual interest.
- Install the filter and other equipement: Install your chosen filter according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Be sure to position it in a way that provides adequate water circulation and oxygenation for your plants and fish.
- Add water: Fill the tank with water, making sure that it’s at the appropriate temperature and pH level for your plants and fish. Allow the water to settle for a few hours before adding any fish or other aquatic creatures.
- Monitor and adjust: Finally, monitor your tank regularly to ensure that everything is working properly. Check the water temperature, pH level, and other water parameters, and make adjustments as needed. Also, be sure to perform regular maintenance, such as water changes and filter cleanings, to keep your tank healthy and thriving.
In conclusion
Setting up a planted aquarium is a fulfilling and exciting endeavor. With numerous options for substrates, lights, hardscapes, and plant species, the possibilities are endless.
However, it’s crucial to conduct extensive research before diving into this hobby to ensure a successful outcome. Fortunately, there are plenty of resources available to help beginners achieve their goals.
When building your planted tank, consider what works best for you. Some prefer low-tech setups that are easy to care for and run on autopilot, while others may want a more elaborate and challenging setup.
Ultimately, it’s your tank, so make it your own and enjoy the process. With patience, care, and attention, your planted aquarium can become a stunning and healthy ecosystem that you can take pride in.
