Keeping a freshwater aquarium is an enjoyable hobby that requires proper maintenance to keep the aquatic environment healthy and thriving.
One of the essential tools for maintaining a clean and healthy fish tank is a filter. There are several types of filters available for freshwater aquariums, each with its own unique benefits and drawbacks.
A canister filter is a type of aquarium filter that uses a sealed container to force water through mechanical, biological, and chemical filtration media, providing an efficient way to remove debris, harmful chemicals, and organic waste from the water.
In this text, I will explore the best canister filters available in the market and their features to help you choose the right one for your freshwater aquarium.
Three stages of filtration
The three stages of filtration in a fish tank are mechanical filtration, biological filtration, and chemical filtration. Each stage plays a critical role in maintaining a healthy and clean aquarium environment.
Mechanical filtration
Mechanical filtration involves physically removing debris and particles from the water. This is usually done using filter media such as sponges, floss, or mesh pads. Mechanical filtration is essential as it prevents debris from building up in the aquarium and causing poor water quality, which can harm fish and other aquatic creatures.
Biological filtration
Biological filtration involves the use of beneficial bacteria to break down and convert harmful toxins such as ammonia and nitrite into less harmful nitrates.
This is achieved through filter media such as ceramic rings or bio-balls. Biological filtration is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy biological balance in the aquarium.
Chemical filtration
Chemical filtration involves the use of activated carbon or other adsorbent materials to remove impurities such as odors, discoloration, and harmful chemicals from the water. Chemical filtration is not always necessary, but it can be helpful in certain situations, such as removing medication from the water after treating fish for illness.
I generally recommended to have a minimum 2 stages of filtration in a fish tank to maintain optimal water quality and provide a healthy environment for fish and other aquatic creatures. Only use chemical filtration when absolutely necessary.
However, the type and amount of each stage of filtration needed may vary depending on the size of the tank, the number and type of fish, and the amount of waste produced.
It is essential to choose a filter that can handle the bio-load of your aquarium and maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the tank.
Factors to consider when selecting a aquarium filter
When selecting the best freshwater aquarium canister filter, there are several factors to consider to ensure you choose the right one for your aquarium. These factors include:
- Tank size
- Flow rate
- Noise level
- Maintenance
- Substrate and plants
- Livestock
- Cost
Tank size
The size of your aquarium will determine the amount of water that needs to be filtered, which in turn will impact the filtration capacity of your canister filter.
As a general rule of thumb, your canister filter should be able to turn over the water in your tank at least three to five times per hour.
For example, if you have a 50-gallon tank, you’ll need a canister filter with a filtration capacity of at least 150-250 gallons per hour.
It’s also important to note that some canister filters are better suited for smaller aquariums, while others are designed for larger tanks. When selecting a canister filter, be sure to choose one that is appropriate for the size of your aquarium to ensure optimal filtration.
Flow rate
Flow rate refers to the rate at which water is moved through the filter. The ideal flow rate for your aquarium will depend on a number of factors, such as the size of your tank, the type and number of fish and plants you have, and the amount of waste they produce.
A canister filter with a flow rate that is too low may not provide enough filtration, while one with a flow rate that is too high can be too powerful for your tank, leading to excess currents that can stress your fish and plants.
Some canister filters have adjustable flow rates, allowing you to fine-tune the flow to suit your aquarium’s needs.
Noise level
Noise level is another important consideration. Some canister filters can be noisy, which can be disruptive to the peace and tranquility of your aquarium.
If you have a quiet environment, such as a bedroom or living room, you may want to choose a filter that operates quietly to avoid disturbing your living space.
Look for a canister filter with noise-reducing features, such as vibration dampening or sound-absorbing materials, to ensure quiet operation.
Maintenance
Ease of cleaning is an important factor to consider when selecting a canister filter for your freshwater aquarium. Canister filters require regular cleaning to ensure they operate efficiently and maintain optimal water quality in your aquarium.
When choosing a canister filter, consider the ease of disassembly, cleaning, and reassembly. Some canister filters have easy-to-remove filter media, which makes cleaning and maintenance a breeze. Others may require more time and effort to disassemble and clean.
It’s also important to consider the frequency of cleaning. Some canister filters require more frequent cleaning than others, so you’ll need to factor this into your maintenance routine.
A canister filter with easy-to-clean components can save you time and effort, making it a more convenient and practical choice.
Substrate and plants
Some substrates, such as sand or fine gravel, can be easily sucked into the intake of a canister filter, which can cause damage to the filter or clog the media.
If you have a substrate that is prone to this, you may need to use a pre-filter sponge or adjust the flow rate to prevent this from happening.
If you have live plants in your aquarium, you may need to choose a canister filter that has a lower flow rate to avoid damaging the plants or disturbing the substrate.
Some canister filters come with adjustable flow rates, which can be helpful in these situations.
Livestock
The type and number of fish and other aquatic creatures you have in your aquarium will impact the filtration needs of your tank.
If you have a heavy bio-load, you may need a canister filter with a higher filtration capacity or a faster flow rate to ensure optimal water quality.
Additionally, some fish and invertebrates are sensitive to water flow, so you’ll need to consider the flow rate when selecting a canister filter.
Cost
Canister filters can vary greatly in price, with some models costing several hundred dollars while others are more affordable.
While it can be tempting to opt for a less expensive model to save money, it’s important to consider the quality and features of the filter.
A cheaper canister filter may have a lower filtration capacity or be less durable, leading to more frequent replacement and higher long-term costs.
On the other hand, a more expensive canister filter may have additional features, such as adjustable flow rates or noise-reducing technologies, that can make it a more convenient and efficient choice.
It’s important to determine your budget and evaluate the different options within that price range to find the best value for your money.
Best Canister Filter Reviews
Fluval 407
Fluval 407 Perfomance Canister Filter for Aquariums Up to 100 Gallons
PROS
CONS
The Fluval 407 Canister Filter is a high-performance filter designed for use in aquariums up to 100 gallons in size. Its Aqua-Stop valves allow for easy maintenance and cleaning, while its clog-proof intake strainer prevents debris from entering the filter.
Installation: The Fluval 407 is easier to install than the Fluval FX6, but I still recommended to read the instruction manual beforehand. The hoses and holders are similar to the FX6 but are a smaller gauge. I was really disappointed in the quality of the tubing that this came with. The tubing seems so cheap and thin.
The installation instructions lack critical information about how to open the water flow on the quick connect valve. The filter comes with great reusable mechanical media that catches a lot of gunk out of the water.
Priming: The Fluval 407 Canister Filter has a simple priming process. It has a small priming lever that you need to plunge up and down a few times to flood the canister with water. Once the gurgling sound stops, you can plug the canister in, and it should start running smoothly.
Capacity: The Fluval 407 Canister Filter is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 100 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 383 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The Fluval 407 has a total of four media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including foam pads, filter floss, bio-media, and activated carbon. Each basket can hold up to 0.8 liters of media.
Dimensions: The Fluval 407 measures 19 inches in height and has a diameter of 7 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 13.5 pounds.
Noise Level: The Fluval 407 is designed to operate quietly thanks to its sound-dampening impeller and motor seal technology. I have been very impressed with the way it puts off a low hum.
Maintenance: The Fluval 407 is relatively easy to maintain. It features a self-priming feature that allows for easy start-up, as well as an Easy Lift clamps system that allows for easy opening and closing of the filter. It also has a central handle that enables you to pull out all the media baskets from the top, making maintenance convenient. It is also easy to disassemble the filter beside the tank, and you can remove the media baskets and dispose of the filter water separately.
Additional Features: The Fluval 407 also includes a multi-directional output nozzle that allows you to adjust the water flow and direction, as well as a rim connector assembly that allows for easy installation and removal.
Ideal for: While the Fluval 407 is rated for up to 100 gallons (379 liters), it may not be sufficient for heavily stocked or messy aquariums of that size.
Penn-Plax Cascade Canister Filter
Penn-Plax Cascade All-in-One Aquarium Canister Filter – for Tanks Up to 100 Gallons (265 GPH) – Cascade 1000
PROS
CONS
The Penn-Plax Cascade CCF3UL Canister Filter is a high-performance filtration system designed for use in aquariums up to 100 gallons in size.
Installation: The Penn Plax Cascade canister aquarium filter series is designed for easy and convenient installation. All necessary equipment for installation is easily accessible, and the fast filtration mechanism cleans and clears your aquarium quickly. Within 30 minutes of installation, filtration begins and you can see the improvement in water quality within a day or less.
On the other hand, the tubes can be difficult to connect. The Cascade filter includes a self-priming button on the lid for easy starting, reducing your work to simply pressing the button to achieve the desired water flow speed from the intake tube into the filter. Additionally, priming the filter can be challenging and may require some effort to get it started.
Priming: The easy push button primer is convenient feature that allows for a quick and simple prime. The self-priming pump of the Penn Plax Cascade canister filter allows for effortless filter restarts in case of a power outage or disconnection due to maintenance or replacement.
Capacity: The Penn-Plax Cascade CCF3UL is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 100 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 265 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The Penn-Plax Cascade CCF3UL has a total of three media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including coarse and fine filter pads, bio-sponge, ceramic rings, and activated carbon. Each basket can hold up to 1.2 liters of media.
Dimensions: The Penn-Plax Cascade CCF3UL measures 17 inches in height and has a diameter of 10 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 10 pounds.
Noise Level: Its noise level is comparable to other canister filters of similar size and flow rate. The motor emits a soft hum but it’s still very quiet and not at all disruptive.
Maintenance: The Penn-Plax Cascade CCF3UL is relatively easy to maintain. Its quick-release valves and removable hose clamps make for easy filter maintenance and cleaning.
Additional Features: The Penn-Plax Cascade CCF3UL also includes a spray bar, inlet and outlet hoses, and a directional flow spout that allows for customized water flow. It also comes with a manufacturer’s warranty.
Ideal for: The Penn-Plax is recommended for aquariums up to 100 gallons but I think that it might be too weak for the tank of that size.
Fluval FX6
Fluval FX6 High Performance Aquarium Filter, Canister Filter for Aquariums up to 400 Gal.
PROS
CONS
The Fluval FX6 Aquarium Filter is a canister filter designed for use in large aquariums.
Installation: Installing the Fluval FX6 canister filter can be challenging due to the clunky and rigid hoses that are difficult to bend and require multiple pieces to snap together. It is recommended to have someone help during installation. The filter comes with a large and detailed instruction manual that should be read thoroughly before starting.
Priming: The Fluval FX6 canister filter has a simple priming process where you fill the canister with tank water before sealing the lid. Once plugged in, the filter should start up and if it shuts off shortly after, it’s just purging air out of the system and will start up again in a few minutes.
Capacity: The Fluval FX6 canister filter is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 400 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 925 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The Fluval FX6 has a total of six media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including foam pads, filter floss, bio-media, and activated carbon. Each basket can hold up to 1.5 gallons of media.
Dimensions: The Fluval FX6 measures 20.7 inches in height and has a diameter of 15 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 21 pounds.
Noise Level: The Fluval FX6 is designed to operate quietly thanks to its sound-dampening impeller and motor seal technology. You will notice a faint humming sound in a quiet room when this filter is in operation. However, if it is installed beneath a tank stand, the sound may be completely imperceptible.
Maintenance: The Fluval FX6 is relatively easy to maintain. It features a self-priming feature and AquaStop valves that allow for easy cleaning and maintenance. It also has a cleaning indicator that alerts you when it’s time to perform maintenance.
Additional Features: The Fluval FX6 also includes a multi-directional output nozzle that allows you to adjust the water flow and direction, as well as a clog-proof intake strainer that prevents debris from entering the filter.
Ideal for: The Fluval FX6 canister filter is suitable for large aquarium setups ranging between 100-200 gallons (379-757 liters). However, the filter is rated for up to 400 gallons (1514 liters), but it may not provide enough flow for a tank of that size.
Marineland Magniflow
Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter For aquariums, Easy Maintenance,Black
PROS
CONS
The Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter is a high-performance filtration system designed for aquariums up to 100 gallons in size.
Installation:
The instructions may not be well-written, making it difficult for users to understand how to set up and operate the filter properly.
The installation process for this filter was difficult and frustrating, especially with the hoses being stiff and difficult to attach to the intake and outflow pipes. The small plastic hose clamps were also difficult to use.
However, the quick connect valve was a useful feature for shutting off water flow during maintenance. Overall, the installation process was awkward and uncomfortable.
Priming: The filter is easy to prime with a large priming button on the motorhead that requires a few pushes to start water flow into the canister. The hose valve retains the siphon, making priming after maintenance easy.
Capacity: The Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter is designed for aquariums up to 100 gallons in size. Its maximum flow rate is 360 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter has a total of three media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including mechanical filter pads, bio-filter balls, and carbon. Each basket can hold up to 1 liters of media.
Dimensions: The Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter measures 14.5 inches in height, has a width of 11.5 inches, and a depth of 18.2 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 20 pounds.
Noise Level: Its noise level is comparable to other canister filters of similar size and flow rate but sometimes it can produces a slightly louder operating noise.
Maintenance: The Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter is relatively easy to maintain. Its quick-release valves and removable hose clamps make for easy filter maintenance and cleaning.
Additional Features: The Marineland Magniflow Canister Filter also includes a spray bar, inlet and outlet hoses, and a directional flow spout that allows for customized water flow. It also comes with a manufacturer’s warranty.
Ideal for: The Magniflow filter is recommended for 40-55 gallon tanks and is a cheaper alternative to the Fluval 407 with many similar features.
Polar Aurora 4-Stage External Canister Filter
Polar Aurora 4-Stage External Canister Filter 525GPH with 9-watt Light New(525GPH)
PROS
CONS
The Polar Aurora External Canister Filter is a high-performance filtration system designed for use in aquariums up to 200 gallons in size. Here are some additional details about this filter.
Installation: The filter installation process was a bit of a hassle. The instructions provided were not comprehensive enough, so I had to rely on a bit of trial and error.
While the filter’s spray bar is a useful addition, the curved outflow pipe restricts how far down you can position it in the water. It would have been better if it came with an extender to enable more flexibility in placement.
It was a challenge to submerge the bar completely under the water since it kept spraying just above the surface.
One standout feature of this filter is its built-in UV sterilizer, which is highly effective in killing algae, viruses, and bacteria in the water column, resulting in crystal-clear water.
Priming: Priming this filter proved to be quite challenging, even more so than other filters I’ve used before.
Despite having a large priming button located on top of the motorhead, it was still quite temperamental when it came to getting the water flowing into the canister.
Even after finally succeeding in filling the canister with water, the filter still refused to start up. It took me approximately 15 minutes of experimentation, including attempts to plug and unplug the canister, retrying the priming button, and reattempting the plug before the filter finally started working.
Similarly, I encountered comparable issues when I performed maintenance on the filter. It seems that this specific filter is more delicate and finicky compared to other filters I have experience with.
Capacity: The Polar Aurora External Canister Filter is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 200 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 525 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The Polar Aurora External Canister Filter has a total of three media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including coarse and fine filter pads, bio-sponge, ceramic rings, and activated carbon. Each basket can hold up to 1.5 liters of media.
Dimensions: 11 inches in diameter and 17 inches in height. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 14 pounds.
Noise Level: The Polar Aurora External Canister Filter is louder than most other filters. The buzzing sound is sharper and can be heard in a quiet room.
Maintenance: The Polar Aurora External Canister Filter is relatively easy to maintain. Its quick-release valves and removable hose clamps make for easy filter maintenance and cleaning.
Additional Features: The Polar Aurora External Canister Filter also includes a spray bar, inlet and outlet hoses, and a directional flow spout that allows for customized water flow. It also comes with a manufacturer’s warranty.
Ideal for: This filter is best for up to 200 gallon fish tanks, according to its product description. In my opinion it should be recommended for aquariums ranging from 50 – 70 gallons in size. It is the most budget-friendly option among the filters tested, making it a good choice for those prioritizing affordability over advanced features.
SunSun HW302
SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister Filter Kit, white – 9 Piece Set
PROS
CONS
The SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister is a high-performance canister filter designed for use in aquariums up to 75 gallons in size.
Installation: The SunSun HW-302 canister filter has limited documentation included with it, and the setup instructions are nonexistent. However, it is easy to install and does not require tools.
Priming: This review for the SunSun HW-302 canister filter highlights the ease of priming the filter, noting that it was the easiest part of the assembly process. I appreciate the large priming button, which was easy to use and felt sturdy.
Capacity: The SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 75 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 265 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister has a total of three media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including coarse and fine filter pads, bio-sponge, ceramic rings, and activated carbon. Each basket can hold up to 1 liter of media.
Dimensions: The SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister measures 18 inches in height and has a diameter of 9 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 8 pounds.
Noise Level: This filter is very quiet. It’s about the same as my other canister filters. Its noise level is comparable to other canister filters of similar size and flow rate.
Maintenance: The SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister is relatively easy to maintain. Its quick-release valves and removable hose clamps make for easy filter maintenance and cleaning.
Additional Features: The SunSun Hw302 265GPH Pro Canister also includes a spray bar, inlet and outlet hoses, and a directional flow spout that allows for customized water flow. It also comes with a manufacturer’s warranty.
Ideal for: SunSun is suitable for aquarium setups with a capacity of up to 75 gallons, indicating the manufacturer’s recommendation for the product’s use.
OASE Biomaster Thermo 350
OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350
PROS
CONS
The OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350 is a high-performance canister filter designed for use in aquariums up to 90 gallons in size.
Installation: Behold the Oase canister filter, a filtration marvel featuring a one-of-a-kind pre-filter. This ingenious contraption consists of a plastic tube housing a stack of small, black sponges – much like the pre-filters found on hang-on-the-back filters – and is designed to weed out detritus and algae before they reach the main canister body. However, as with all things filtration-related, these fine sponges can easily get clogged up, so regular cleaning is a must.
But that’s not all – this filter boasts a remarkable built-in heater, a feature that none of its canister counterparts possess. A 200-watt glass heater, securely attached to the underside of the motorhead, is there to keep your aquatic pets happy and healthy. Sure, the pre-filter and heater may add a bit of complexity to the installation process, but believe me, it’s worth the effort.
The main canister body, with its four stacking media baskets, is a sight to behold. Three of these baskets are dedicated to reusable sponge, while the fourth is filled with a unique plastic biomedia. You can replaced one sponge basket with more biomedia.
In my aquarium I use smaller model – Biomaster Thermo 250 – you can read more about it here.
Priming: After setting everything up, I pressed the priming button located on the motorhead for around a minute but nothing seemed to happen. I then removed the motorhead, tinkered with it a bit, and reinstalled it. This time, upon pressing the button, water began to enter the canister. It’s possible that I made an error during the process.
One notable feature of this filter is the hoses, which maintain siphon while performing maintenance. As a result, priming the filter after cleaning is incredibly easy. Simply reattach and unlock the hoses, and water will start flowing into the canister with ease.
Capacity: The OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350 is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 90 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 250 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: The OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350 has a total of four media baskets that can be filled with a variety of filter media, including coarse and fine filter pads, BioPlus filter media, and activated carbon. Each basket can hold up to 1 liter of media.
Dimensions: The OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350 measures 16.3 inches in height and has a diameter of 9.4 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 13 pounds.
Noise Level: Even if you listen intently, you can only discern a faint hum emanating from the canister. The noise is practically imperceptible unless you put your ear directly next to the filter.
Maintenance: The OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350 is relatively easy to maintain but I must deduct some points in terms of maintenance since dismantling this filter necessitates extreme caution.
Prior to removing the motorhead, it is crucial to unplug the heater and allow it to cool for a minimum of 15 minutes. This allows ample time for the heater to cool down. If the heater is extracted from the water while still hot, it may shatter.
The motorhead is equipped with a large, flip-up handle that makes it much more manageable to transport the filter to the desired draining location. Disassembling the canister and washing the sponges in dechlorinated water to eliminate accumulated debris was a breeze.
Additional Features: The OASE Indoor Aquatics Biomaster Thermo 350 also includes a built-in heater that is adjustable from 68 to 93 degrees Fahrenheit, as well as a spray bar, inlet and outlet hoses, and a manufacturer’s warranty.
Best for: The Oase filter is is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 90 gallons but I think it’s most suitable for aquariums ranging from 40-50 gallons in size.
EHEIM Classic
EHEIM Classic 2215 External Canister Filter with Media for up to 92 US Gallons
PROS
CONS
The EHEIM Classic 2215 External Canister Filter is a simple, reliable and efficient filter designed for use in aquariums up to 92 gallons in size.
Installation: Setting up this filter is extremely easy. The hoses, intake, and outflow are simple to set up, with pliable hoses and easy-to-install quick connect valves. The curved intake and outflow tubes make installation a breeze. The only downside is the lack of mechanical filter media, but the cylinder shape makes it easy to cut and fit your own media, such as matten filter media. However, I would like to point out here that the instructions is terrible.
Priming: The priming process for this filter is distinctive. Instead of using a primer or a button, you can detach the intake hose from the quick connect and suck a small amount of air through it with your mouth to initiate water flow into the canister. Once the canister is filled with water, reattach the intake hose and plug in the filter.
Capacity: The EHEIM Classic 2215 is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 92 gallons. Its maximum flow rate is 164 gallons per hour.
Media Capacity: This filter does not have traditional baskets like other canister filters, but rather the media is placed directly into the canister itself.
Dimensions: The EHEIM Classic 2215 measures 13.8 inches in height and has a diameter of 7.1 inches. Its total weight when filled with media is approximately 7.5 pounds.
Noise Level: The filter emits a low humming sound that is hardly noticeable.
Maintenance: Maintenance for the EHEIM Classic 2215 is surprisingly easy, despite its lack of media baskets. The filter’s no-frills design simplifies the process. Draining the water out is effortless, thanks to the intake hose located at the bottom of the canister. The loose filter media can then be poured into buckets, and the sponges rinsed out for quick and straightforward maintenance. I use this filter in one of my aquariums and I must say it gets dirty quickly. More information about this filter can be found here.
Additional Features: The EHEIM Classic 2215 also includes a spray bar, inlet and outlet hoses and suction cups for easy installation.
Best for: Generally, it’s recommended for tanks up to 95 gallon but with 165 GPH I would recommend for tanks up to 40 gallons.
In conclusion
I trust that I have furnished you with the necessary details to aid you in making an educated decision when purchasing. The canister filters listed have been recognized as the top-of-the-line options in the market, with each having unique features that cater to specific aquarium requirements.
If there are any uncertainties, feel free to post a comment in the designated section below.
Do you have a preferred filter model that you believe is the top-tier canister filter for fish tanks? I would be delighted to hear your thoughts!
